Varicose Veins

Overview

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted, and dilated veins that commonly occur in the legs due to improper functioning of the venous valves. These valves normally help blood flow towards the heart, but when they weaken, blood pools in the veins, causing them to become swollen and visible under the skin. This condition is common and may range from a cosmetic concern to a painful medical issue.

Causes

• Weak or damaged vein valves
• Prolonged standing or sitting
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Aging
• Family history
• Lack of physical activity

Symptoms

• Visible, twisted blue or purple veins
• Leg pain or aching
• Heaviness in the legs
• Swelling in ankles and feet
• Burning or throbbing sensation
• Itching around veins
• Muscle cramps (especially at night)

Advanced signs: Skin discoloration, ulcers, and bleeding may occur in severe cases.

Complications

• Chronic venous insufficiency
• Skin changes and pigmentation
• Venous ulcers
• Bleeding from veins
• Thrombophlebitis (clot in superficial veins)

Diagnosis

• Clinical examination
• Doppler ultrasound (to assess blood flow and valve function)

Treatment

Treatment depends on severity. Conservative management includes leg elevation, exercise, weight management, and use of compression stockings. Minimally invasive procedures like laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation are effective modern treatments with faster recovery. In advanced cases, surgical procedures such as vein ligation and stripping may be required.

Conclusion

Varicose veins are a common condition that can affect quality of life if left untreated. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall vascular health.