Appendicitis

Overview

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. It is a common surgical emergency that can occur at any age but is most frequent in young adults. If not treated promptly, the appendix can rupture, leading to serious complications.

Causes

• Blockage of the appendix (by stool, infection, or lymphoid tissue)
• Bacterial infection
• Swelling of lymphoid tissue
• Foreign body obstruction (rare)

Symptoms

• Pain starting around the navel and shifting to the lower right abdomen
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Abdominal swelling
• Constipation or diarrhea

Classic sign: Increasing pain in the right lower abdomen.

Complications

• Ruptured appendix (perforation)
• Peritonitis (infection of abdominal lining)
• Abscess formation

Diagnosis

• Clinical physical examination
• Blood tests
• Ultrasound
• CT scan (if required)

Treatment

Appendicitis is treated by surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy). Laparoscopic surgery is commonly preferred as it involves smaller incisions, less pain, and faster recovery. In complicated cases, open surgery may be required.

Conclusion

Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early surgery ensures quick recovery and prevents life-threatening complications.