Sebaceous Cyst

Overview

A sebaceous cyst is a non-cancerous, slow-growing lump that develops beneath the skin due to blockage of sebaceous (oil) glands. It is commonly found on the face, neck, scalp, or back and contains a thick, oily material called sebum. These cysts are usually harmless but can become infected or inflamed.

Causes

• Blocked sebaceous glands
• Skin trauma or injury
• Infection
• Hormonal changes
• Genetic conditions (rare)

Symptoms

• Round, soft lump under the skin
• Slow growth over time
• Central black dot (punctum)
• Foul-smelling discharge (if ruptured)
• Redness, pain, or swelling (if infected)

Note: Infected cysts may become painful and require immediate attention.

Complications

• Infection and abscess formation
• Rupture of the cyst
• Recurrence if not completely removed

Diagnosis

• Clinical examination
• Ultrasound (if required)
• Biopsy (rarely needed)

Treatment

Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment. In infected cases, incision and drainage may be needed. The definitive treatment is complete surgical excision of the cyst, which prevents recurrence and provides a permanent solution.

Conclusion

Sebaceous cysts are common and generally harmless skin conditions. Proper treatment ensures relief from symptoms and prevents recurrence or complications.