Incisional Hernia

Overview

An incisional hernia occurs when abdominal tissue or part of the intestine protrudes through a weakened area of the abdominal wall at the site of a previous surgical incision. It is a common complication following abdominal surgery and may develop months or even years after the operation.

Causes

Weak healing of a previous surgical wound
Infection at the surgical site
Obesity
Chronic cough
Heavy lifting
Diabetes
Poor nutrition
Smoking

Symptoms

Bulge near or at the site of previous surgery
Pain or discomfort, especially while straining or lifting
Swelling that may increase over time
Feeling of heaviness in the abdomen

Severe condition: If the hernia becomes strangulated, symptoms may include severe pain, redness, vomiting, and bowel obstruction, requiring emergency treatment.

Complications

Incarceration (hernia gets trapped)
Strangulation (cut-off blood supply)
Intestinal obstruction

Diagnosis

Clinical physical examination
Ultrasound
CT scan for detailed evaluation

Treatment

✔ Surgical Repair (Definitive Treatment)
✔ Open Repair with Mesh
✔ Laparoscopic Repair

Surgery is the only effective treatment for incisional hernia. In open repair, the weakened area is strengthened using a surgical mesh. Laparoscopic repair is a minimally invasive option that uses small incisions and a camera, offering less pain, faster recovery, and reduced risk of recurrence.

Conclusion

Incisional hernia is a treatable condition that can occur after abdominal surgery. Early diagnosis and timely surgical repair help prevent complications and ensure better long-term outcomes.